Biografi Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta
or often called Bung Hatta was the first Vice President of Indonesia. Mohammad
Hatta was born in Bukit tinggi, West Sumatera on August 12th, 1902. His father
is Haji Mohammad Djamil and his mother is Siti Saleha. His father died when he
was eight months old. Hatta married to Rahmi Hatta on November 18th, 1945. The
couple had three children named Meutia Farida Hatta, Gemala Rabi’ah Hatta, and
Halida Nuriah Hatta.
Hatta started his education at a private school named
Sekolah Melayu. Then he went to ELS (European Language School). He continued
his school to MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs). Hatta began to show his
interested in politics and national movement since he was sixteen years old. He
joined Jong Sumatranen Bond and he was chosen as the treasurer.
In 1919, Hatta went to Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in
Batavia (Jakarta). He finished his study with distinction in 1921 and he was
allowed to continue his study to Rotterdam School of Commerce in Netherlands.
He took economics as his major and got a doctorandus degree. He then continued
to pursue his doctorate degree, but he didn’t finish his thesis because
politics had taken over his life.
In Netherlands Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging.
In 1922, Indische Vereeniging changed its named to Indonesische Vereeniging
(Perhimpoenan Indonesia). Hatta was the treasurer from 1922-1925 and then he
became the chairman from 1926-1930. Perhimpoenan Indonesia then changed from a
student organization to political organization that demand for Indonesia’s
Independence. It expressed its voice through a magazine called Indonesia
Merdeka of which Hatta was the editor.
Hatta attended congresses all over Europe to gain more
support from other nations, he always as the chairman of Indonesia delegation.
By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia’s activites had alarmed the Dutch
authorities. On June 1927, Dutch authorities put Hatta and four other
Indonesian activists in jail. In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia
activists were released.
On August 1932, after returning to Indonesia, Hatta
became the chairman of the new PNI. On February 1934, the Dutch Colonial
government arrested PNI leaders from its Jakarta branch (including Hatta) and
Bandung branch. They were prisoned for a year. In 1935, it was decided that
Hatta and the other PNI leaders would be exiled to Boven Digoel Papua. In 1936,
Hatta and Sutan Syahrir were transfered to Bandaneira in Maluku. There, they
joined other nationalists such as Iwa Kusumasumantri and Dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo.
In 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to
Sukabumi, West Java. In the same year, the Dutch Colonial Government
surrendered. However, because of World War II was under way, the Empire of
Japan came to Indonesia to fulfil their imperial ambitions in East Asia and
South East Asia. On March 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to Jakarta.
In July 1942, Hatta was reunited with Sukarno. In a
secret meeting at Hatta’s Jakarta home, Sukarno, Hatta and Syahrir agreed to
organise the revolutionary resistance to achieve independence from Japan. In a
speech on December 1942, Hatta said that Indonesia already free from the Dutch
Colonial Government, but Indonesia was free only to be colonized by another
power, he would rather to see Indonesia drown to the bottom of the ocean.
As the tide of the war began to turn against the
Japanese, the Japanese Occupational government in Indonesia began to lose its
control of Indonesia. On August 1945, Japanese finally approved Indonesian
Independence. August 16th, 1945, the Indonesian youths kidnapped Sukarno and
Hatta to Rengasdengklok to force both of them to declare Independence of
Indonesia.
Finally, August 17th, 1945, at Sukarno’s residence,
Indonesia’s Independence was proclaimed in a short statement on a paper signed
by Sukarno and Hatta. On August 18th, 1945 Hatta was selected as Indonesia’s
first Vice President to accompany Sukarno as the President of Indonesia. Hatta
died on March 14th, 1980 and he was buried in Tanah Kusir public cemetary,
Jakarta.
Terima kasih sudah berkenan membaca artikel tersebut di atas tentang Biografi Mohammad Hatta. Penulis mohon teman-teman kiranya berkenan memberikan kritik dan saran yang membangun karena penulis rasa artikel tersebut di atas jauh dari kata sempurna. Penulis juga mohon maaf jika terdapat kesalahan baik dari segi tulisan maupun bahasa. Thank you.
This is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Accordingly, it is difficult to figure out when to end it. But then, this is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Period.
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon